StemThe two main functions of a stem are structural support and nutrient conduction. It needs to support and elevate leaves for maximal light reception. It needs to transfer water, minerals and nutrients between the roots and leaves. Stems can also function as food storage organs. |
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| Climbing stem These stems can climb up a support.  |
Succulent stem These stems are adapted for water storage and photosynthesis.  |
Cane Woody stems with nodes  |
| Rhizome (Rootstock) An underground horizontal stem that can send out both shoots and roots.  ginger |
Tuber A thickened rhizome with nutrient reserves, usually underground.  potato |
Bulb A large bud with a very short stem that is surrounded by many fleshy leaves.  onion |
| Caudex: An enlarged woody base of a stem, used for water storage in harsh environments.
Examples: Caudiciform succulents, some palms and cycads. |
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 Ombu tree in Jungle garden |
 Dioscorea macrostachya (Tortoise plant) |
 Fockea crispa |
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