StemThe two main functions of a stem are structural support and nutrient conduction. It needs to support and elevate leaves for maximal light reception. It needs to transfer water, minerals and nutrients between the roots and leaves. Stems can also function as food storage organs. |
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| Terrestrial plants can be divided into two major groups according to their stems: |
| Herbaceous plants | Woody plants |
| Non-woody stems: soft and green stems | Woody stems: hard and stiff stems |
| Little or no secondary growth | Have secondary growth, with vascular cambium |
| Usually die down completely or to the root at the end of growing season in temperate climates. | Remain alive during winter and grow shoots next spring. |
| Most are plants in Gramineae (grass family). | Include trees, shrubs and woody vines. |
| Plant can be categorized by their seasonal growth: |
| Annuals: | plants that live for only one growing season. All annuals are herbaceous plants. |
| Biennials: | plants that begin growth in one year and complete their growth and die the following year. Many biennials are herbaceous plants. |
| Perennials: | plants that live for many years. All woody plants are perennials, there are also perennial herbaceous plants. |
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